Beltös Interlinear Glosses
Myth #3
- gojez~gojezme
- INTSV~time_ago
- ‘ozzen
- by.PREP
- sat́a-dlizma-∅
- OBL.P-year(iv.N)-CIR
- ‘a-t́ejoz
- ELTV-much.ADJV\ELTV
- sesë
- EVID.HT
- ‘emmenzem
- at_that_time.PTCL
- ja
- HI
- ‘o-ponnam-∅
- NOM.S-sun(ii.M)-CIR
- ‘en
- and.CONJ
- ja
- HI
- ‘o-t́aš-∅
- NOM-S-moon(ii.F)-CIR
- šet-amkan
- X.P-be(PP)
- zillažžä
- young.ADJV
- ‘o-‘Amokälo‘o-∅
- NOM.S-[name](ii.M)-CIR
- še-mäh‘e‘o-ba
- M.S-come-PP
- bos
- to.PREP
- žeš
- LO
- ‘o‘i-mamma-‘äš
- OBL.S-earth(ii.F)-CIR
Many years ago, when the sun and the moon were young, ‘Amokälo‘o (a medium-size indigenous bird, white with long red tail feathers, which nests on reefs, is rarely seen on land, and which has been provisionally identified as the red-tailed tropicbird, or "Amokura" in Maori) came to the earth. [note the use of noun category II indicating that ‘Amokälo‘o, in this context, is a spirit, not a man (category V) or a bird (category VI).]
- jaši
- 3M.S.NOM.HI
- še-dengiš-imma
- M.S-hunger-PI
- jaši
- 3M.S.NOM.HI
- še-žbäzbin-a
- M.S-walk-PP
- jazzi
- far.ADJV
- ‘en
- and.CONJ
- še-danazjel-a
- M.S-arrive-PP
- dan
- near_to.PREP
- žeš
- LO
- ḱi-dežda-∅
- OBL.S-house(viii.N)-CIR
- ∅
- EQ
- ze-mä‘ezjaš-∅
- NOM.P-sister(v.F)-CIR
- dlim
- two.ADJV
- šetë-gližbez-imma
- F.P-reside-PI
- ‘ižbi
- inside.PREP
- žekiš
- 3N.S.OBL.LO
He was hungry. He walked far and arrived near a house. Two sisters lived in it.
- ‘o-‘Amokälo‘o-∅
- NOM.S-[name](ii.M)-CIR
- še-dižmazma-bimma
- M.S-stand-PI
- ‘ataǧ
- in_front_of.PREP
- žeš
- LO
- ḱi-dlipan-äh
- OBL.S-door(viii.N)-CIR
- ∅
- EQ
- ‘e-mä‘ezjaš-∅
- NOM.S-sister(v.F)-CIR
- baždim
- first.ADJV
- ‘ižbi
- in.PREP
- žeš
- LO
- ḱi-dežda-∅
- OBL.S-house(viii.N)-CIR
- ‘o-‘Amokälo‘o
- NOM.S-[name](ii.M)-CIR
- tin
- 3F.S.ACC.EQ
- ž-a‘ol-∅
- M.S-seen_by-NI
- jaši
- 3M.S.NOM.HI
- še-dlazjaždin-imma
- M.S.-be_like-PI
- ∅
- EQ
- ‘e-ṕessaz-ön
- ACC.S-man(v.M)-CIR
- mammeš
- tall.ADJV
- t́e-dažajaš-∅
- F.S-welcome-NI
- ti
- 3F.S.NOM.EQ
- jašin
- 3M.S.ACC.HI
‘Amokälo‘o stood at the door. The first sister [was] in the house. She saw ‘Amokälo‘o — he looked like a tall man — she welcomed him. [note the transition to non-past imperfective tense/aspect as a narrative technique]
- ti
- 3F.S.NOM.EQ
- t́-izṕam-∅
- F.S-say-NI
- ‘iǧ
- QUOT
- ∅-zgazpiṕenazma-∅
- VOC.S-visitor(iv.N)-CIR
- zgessäzli
- favored.ADJV
- ‘ozzen
- by.PREP
- ‘e-žgazjo-š
- OBL.S-kindness(iii.F)-CIR
- ‘en
- and.CONJ
- ‘e-bam‘antan-ëš
- OBL.S-graciousness(iii.F)-CIR
- jadem
- 2S.M/F.GEN.HI
- sešë-debent́iz-∅
- M.P-rest-NI
- ∅
- EQ
- ši-dajanna-∅
- NOM.P-foot(vi.M)-CIR
- ‘ižbi
- in.PREP
- žeš
- LO
- ḱi-dežda-∅
- OBL.S-house(viii.N)-CIR
- žazbos
- cool.ADJV
- žešam
- 1.P.EXCL.GEN.LO
She said: O favored visitor (lit: "event of visitation"), by your kindness and graciousness (= formal "please"), rest [your] feet in our cool home.
- ‘o-‘Amokälo‘o-∅
- NOM.S-[name](ii.M)-CIR
- š-izṕam-∅
- M.S-say-NI
- ‘iǧ
- QUOT
- ∅-mä‘ezjaž-∅
- VOC.S-sister(v.F)-CIR
- ja
- HI
- ši-dekäx-‘en
- ACC.P-spirituality(iii.F)-CIR
- ‘e-‘alpaz‘am-∅
- NOM.S-generosity(iii.F)-CIR
- jadem
- 2.M/F.S.GEN.HI
- ze-dimizzez-∅
- F.S-please-NI
- zim‘a
- H.O.J
- ‘imzimli
- grateful.ADJV
- žeše
- 1.S.NOM.LO
- ždon
- because_of.PREP
- ‘e-žgazjo-š
- OBL.S-kindliness(iii.F)-CIR
- ‘en
- and.CONJ
- ‘e-t́aga-š
- OBL.S-hospitableness(iii.F)-CIR
- jadem
- 2M/F.S.GEN.HI
‘Amokälo‘o said: O sister, may the spirits be pleased by your generosity (= formal "thank you"). I [am] grateful for your kindness and hospitality.
- ‘o-‘Amokälo‘o-∅
- NOM.S-[name](ii.M)-CIR
- še-bambazja-∅
- M.S-enter-NI
- še-dlazzäzzaz-∅
- M.S-sit-NI
- š-izṕam-∅
- M.S-say-NI
- ‘iǧ
- QUOT
- ∅-mä‘ezjaz-∅
- VOC.S-sister(v.F)-CIR
- žgazoli
- kindly.ADJV
- žeše
- 1.S.NOM.LO
- še-dengiš-∅
- M.S-hunger-NI
- baz
- very_much.INTRJ
‘Amokälo‘o entered. [He] sat. [He] said: O kind sister, I am very hungry.
- ∅
- EQ
- ‘e-jezzaz-∅
- NOM.S-woman(v.F)-CIR
- t́-izṕam-∅
- F.S-say-NI
- ‘iǧ
- QUOT
- ∅-zgazpiṕenazma-∅
- VOC.S-visitor(iv.N)-CIR
- zgessäzli
- favored.ADJV
- nomjo
- here.PTCL
- žeš
- LO
- ‘e-zo‘abesazma-∅
- NOM.S-nourishment(iii.F)-CIR
- si‘em
- for.PREP
- jeteš
- 2M/F.S.OBL.HI
The woman said: O favored visitor, here [is] food for you.
- ti
- 3F.S.NOM.EQ
- t́-ipa-∅
- F.S-take-NI
- žeš
- LO
- si-žilliṕa-‘än
- ACC.P-rice_ball(vii.M)-CIR
- zamdaš
- many.ADJV
- ti
- 3F.S.NOM.EQ
- t́e-pöhdin-∅
- F.S-keep-NI
- mižba
- DSDRV
- žeš
- LO
- si-žilliṕa-‘än
- ACC.P-rice_ball(vii.M)-CIR
- si‘em
- for.PREP
- tis
- 3F.S.OBL.EQ
- t́e-delžen‘e-∅
- F.S-give_to-NI
- ti
- 3F.S.NOM.EQ
- ‘o-‘Amokälo‘o-n
- ACC.S-[name](ii.M)-CIR
- ‘ozzen
- by.PREP
- žeš
- LO
- si-žilliṕa-‘äš
- OBL.P-rice_ball(vii.M)-CIR
- dlim
- two.ADJV
- jaši
- 3M.S.NOM.HI
- še-da‘im-∅
- N.S-eat-NI
- žetitin
- 3M/F.P.ACC.LO
She took many rice balls. She wanted to keep the rice balls for herself. She gave ‘Amokälo‘o two rice balls. He ate them.
- ∅
- EQ
- ‘e-mä‘ezjaž-∅
- NOM.S-sister(v.F)-CIR
- majaš
- second.ADJV
- t́e-mäh‘e‘o-∅
- F.S-come-NI
- bos
- to.PREP
- žeš
- LO
- ḱi-dežda-∅
- OBL.S-house(viii.N)-CIR
- ja
- HI
- ‘e-ṕessaz-∅
- NOM.S-man(v.M)-CIR
- š-a‘ol-∅
- M.S-seen_by-NI
- tin
- 3F.S.ACC.EQ
- ti
- 3F.S.NOM.EQ
- t́e-žbäjalba-∅
- F.S-greet-NI
- ‘iǧ
- QUOT
- ∅-zgazpiṕenazma-∅
- VOC.S-visitor(iv.N)-CIR
- zgessäzli
- favored.ADJV
- ‘ozzen
- by.PREP
- ‘e-žgazjo-š
- OBL.S-kindness(iii.F)-CIR
- ‘en
- and.CONJ
- ‘e-bam‘antan-ëš
- OBL.S-graciousness(iii.F)-CIR
- jadem
- 2S.M/F.GEN.HI
- sešë-debent́iz-∅
- M.P-rest-NI
- ∅
- EQ
- ši-dajanna-∅
- NOM.P-foot(vi.M)-CIR
- ‘ižbi
- in.PREP
- žeš
- LO
- ḱi-dežda-∅
- OBL.S-house(viii.N)-CIR
- žazbos
- cool.ADJV
- žešam
- 1.P.EXCL.GEN.LO
The second sister came home. She saw the man. She greeted [him]: O favored visitor, by your kindness and graciousness, rest [your] feet in our cool home.
- ‘o-‘Amokälo‘o-∅
- NOM.S-[name](ii.M)-CIR
- š-izṕam-∅
- M.S-say-NI
- ‘iǧ
- QUOT
- ∅-mä‘ezjaž-∅
- VOC.S-sister(v.F)-CIR
- ja
- HI
- ši-dekäx-‘en
- ACC.P-spirituality(iii.F)-CIR
- ‘e-‘alpaz‘am-∅
- NOM.S-generosity(iii.F)-CIR
- jadem
- 2.M/F.S.GEN.HI
- ze-dimizzez-∅
- F.S-please-NI
- zim‘a
- H.O.J
- ‘imzimli
- grateful.ADJV
- žeše
- 1.S.NOM.LO
- ždon
- because_of.PREP
- ‘e-žgazjo-š
- OBL.S-kindliness(iii.F)-CIR
- ‘en
- and.CONJ
- ‘e-t́aga-š
- OBL.S-hospitableness(iii.F)-CIR
- jadem
- 2M/F.S.GEN.HI
- ‘en
- and.CONJ
- jaši
- 3M.S.NOM.HI
- š-izṕam-∅
- M.S-say-∅
- ‘iǧ
- QUOT
- ∅-mä‘ezjaz-∅
- VOC.S-sister(v.F)-CIR
- žgazoli
- kindly.ADJV
- žeše
- 1.S.NOM.LO
- še-dengiš-∅
- M.S-hunger-NI
- baz
- very_much.INTRJ
‘Amokälo‘o said: O sister, may the spirits be pleased by your generosity (= formal "thank you"). I [am] grateful for your kindness and hospitality. And he said: O kind sister, I am very hungry.
- ∅
- EQ
- ‘e-mä‘ezjaž-∅
- NOM.S-sister(v.F)-CIR
- majaš
- second.ADJV
- t́e-delžen‘e-∅
- F.S-give_to-NI
- jašin
- 3M.S.ACC.HI
- ‘ozzen
- by.PREP
- žeš
- LO
- si-žilliṕa-‘äš
- OBL.P-rice_ball(vii.M)-CIR
- t́ejez
- many.ADJV
- jaši
- 3M.S.NOM.HI
- še-da‘im-∅
- M.S-eat-NI
- daljaz
- all.ADJV
- ti
- 3F.S.NOM.EQ
- t́e-delžen‘e-∅
- F.S-give_to-NI
- jašin
- 3M.S.ACC.HI
- ‘ozzen
- by.PREP
- žeš
- LO
- si-žilliṕa-‘äš
- OBL.P-rice_ball(vii.M)-CIR
- daljaz
- all.ADJV
- jaši
- 3M.S.NOM.HI
- še-da‘im-∅
- M.S-eat-NI
- žetitin
- 3M.P.ACC.LO
- tanjem
- also.PTCL
The second sister gave him many rice balls. He ate [them] all. She gave him all the rice balls. He ate them too.
- ‘o-‘Amakälo‘o-∅
- NOM-S-[name](ii.M)-CIR
- š-izṕam-∅
- M.S-say-NI
- ‘iǧ
- QUOT
- de
- 2F.S.NOM.EQ
- t́e-dažlo-∅
- F.S-act_kindly-NI
- ‘en
- and.CONJ
- t́e-dalpaz‘am-∅
- F.S-act_generously-NI
- ‘en
- and.CONJ
- t́e-dazganžbas-∅
- F.S-sacrifice-NI
- baz
- very_much.INTRJ
- jaši
- 3M.S.NOM.HI
- š-izṕam-ba
- M.S-say-PP
- bos
- to.PREP
- ∅
- EQ
- ‘e-mä‘ezjaž-ož
- OBL.S-sister(v.F)-CIR
- majaš
- second.ADJV
‘Amokälo‘o said: You [are] most kind and generous and self-sacrificing. He said [this] to the second sister.
- ‘en
- and.PREP
- jaši
- 3M.S.NOM.HI
- š-izṕam-∅
- M.S-say-NI
- ‘iǧ
- QUOT
- t́e-glazdol-∅
- F.S-become-NI
- bam‘a
- OBLGV
- ‘e-tedilla-n
- ACC.S-wife(v.F)-CIR
- ja‘em
- 1.S.GEN.HI
- de
- 2F.S.NOM.EQ
- ∅
- EQ
- ‘e-mä‘ezjaž-∅
- NOM.S-sister(v.F)-CIR
- majaš
- second.ADJV
- t́e-zožbadäx-∅
- F.S-smile-NI
- ‘en
- and.CONJ
- t́e-ždinjam-∅
- F.S-nod-NI
And he said: You must become my wife. The second sister smiled and nodded.
- ‘o-‘Amokälo‘o-∅
- NOM.S-[name](ii.M)-CIR
- še-glazdol-a
- M.S-become-PP
- ja
- HI
- ‘o-ḱa-n
- ACC.S-spirit(ii.M)-CIR
- žeš
- LO
- š-amokälo‘o-m
- GEN.P-tropicbird(vi.X)-CIR
- jaši
- 3M.S.NOM.HI
- š-iž-glazdol-a
- M.S-CAUS-become-PP
- ja
- HI
- ‘o-ḱa-n
- ACC.S-spirit(ii.F)-CIR
- žeš
- LO
- ši-žesgöṕa-m
- GEN.P-bird(vi.X)-CIR
- ‘ozzen
- by.PREP
- ∅
- EQ
- ‘e-mä‘ezjaž-ož
- OBL.S-sister(v.F)-CIR
- majaš
- second.ADJV
- tanjem
- also.PTCL
- jašiti
- 3X.P.NOM.HI
- zetë-sanṕaz‘am-ba
- X.P-fly-PP
- ‘ižbi
- in.ADJV
- ja
- HI
- ‘o‘i-žbažbäh‘a-š
- OBL.S-sky(ii.M)-CIR
‘Amokälo‘o became the spirit of the tropicbirds (note the transition to noun category VI, indicating actual birds, not the spiritual personification). He made the second sister to become a spirit of the birds too. They flew into the sky.
- ∅
- EQ
- ‘e-mä‘ezjaž-∅
- NOM.S-sister(v.F)-CIR
- baždim
- first.ADJV
- ‘ammös
- alone.ADJV
- ti
- 3F.S.NOM.EQ
- t́e-dadäždes-imma
- F.S-live-PI
- ‘ammös
- alone.ADJV
- kennaž
- during.ADJV
- ∅
- EQ
- sat́a-dlizma-∅
- OBL.P-year(iv.N)-CIR
- daljaz
- all.ADJV
- midi
- among.PREP
- ∅
- EQ
- ‘e-beltös-ož
- OBL.S-people(v.N)-CIR
- sesë
- EVID.HT
The first sister was alone. She lived alone among the people for all her years.